LAB QUESTIONS

1) group A- has only A antigen
    group B- has only B antigen
    group AB- has both A and B antigen
group O- has neither A or B antigen 
 

2)  Each blood type is also grouped by its Rhesus factor, or Rh factor. Blood is either Rh positive (Rh+) or Rh negative (Rh-). About 85% of Americans have Rh+ blood.

Rhesus refers to another type of antigen, or protein, on the surface of red blood cells. The name Rhesus comes from Rhesus monkeys, in which the protein was discovered.

3)

Hepatitis b

A severe form of viral hepatitis transmitted in infected blood, causing fever, debility, and jaundice

Syphilis

A chronic bacterial disease that is contracted chiefly by infection during sexual intercourse, but also congenitally by infection of a developing fetus

Hepatitis c

A form of viral hepatitis transmitted in infected blood, causing chronic liver disease. it was formerly called non-a, non-b hepatitis

Human immunodeficiency

Human immunodeficiency virus, a retrovirus that causes aids

Htlv

Human t cell lymphotropic virus

5) biopasy- medical test involving sampling cells or tissues for examination 

smear- screening used to detect potentially pre-cancerous or cancerous  cells

fluid tissue- fluid that surrounds the cells if multi-cellular animals

6) 110 lbs

7) Depending on your height, sec and weight, you can give up to 2 pints in an automated blood collection. For example, one donor may be able to donate two units of Red Blood Cells, another may donate on unite of Platelets and one unit of Plasma.

 

8) An anticoagulant is a type of medication that may be used to prevent blood from coagulating or clotting. There may kinds of anticoagulants and they have different ways of acting. The majority of them are medications that are administered to people to prevent blood clotting in certain illness, but sometimes in lab or medical settings an anti-coagulant is used to prevent things like clogging of intravenous lines or of blood clotting in test tubes and syringes. For medical use in people, it’s also important to mention anti-platelet medications, which have a similar purpose to anticoagulants, though the way they work is different.

9) the purpose is to add visual contrast to otherwise transparent objects, so they will be easier to see and study under the microscope.

10)

retic count- blood test that measures how rapidly immature red blood cells called reticulocytes

diff- measures the percentage of each type of white blood cell (WBC) that you have in your blood

ESR- erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is an easy, inexpensive, nonspecific test that has been used for many years to help detect conditions associated with acute and chronic inflammation, including infections, cancers, and autoimmune diseases.

Hgb-The hemoglobin test may be used to screen for, diagnose, or monitor a number of conditions and diseases that affect red blood cells (RBCs) and/or the amount of hemoglobin in blood. 

Hbs- Hepatitis B tests may be used for a variety of reasons. Some of the tests detect antibodies produced in response to HBV infection; some detect antigens produced by the virus, and others detect viral DNA.

Hct/Crit- The hematocrit may be used to screen for, diagnose, or monitor a number of conditions and diseases that affect the proportion of the blood made up of red blood cells

MCV-The mean corpuscular volume, or "mean cell volume" (MCV), is a measure of the average red blood cell size that is reported as part of a standardcomplete blood count.

MCH-The mean corpuscular hemoglobin, or "mean cell hemoglobin" (MCH), is the average mass of hemoglobin per red blood cell in a sample of blood. It is reported as part of a standard complete blood count

RBC- red blood cell (RBC) count is typically ordered as part of a complete blood count (CBC) and may be used as part of a health checkup to screen for a variety of conditions.

sed rate-Sed rate, or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), is a blood test that can reveal inflammatory activity in your body. A sed rate test isn't a stand-alone diagnostic tool, but it may help your doctor diagnose or monitor the progress of an inflammatory disease.

WBC- blood test to measure the number of white blood cells

 

11)

 

            LAB

I.  Learning Report
      This week i worked with a lab technician. while i was there we looked at tissue samples, analyzed urine and blood samples, and looked at different areas in the lab.  i learned about who a pathologist is and what they do, i saw lab equipment such as: hemoglobinometer, chemistry analyzer, coagulation machine, label printer, incubator, and a slide stainer. the best thing that happened to me this week was just seeing all the cool and different equipment, also i went into the storage room that body parts from the OR was stored. i saw body parts like uteruses and gal bladders. the worst thing that happened to me this week was being in the front of the lab (where the patients are). there weren't any patients, so i just went back into the back of the lab. over this week was fair because the second day was boring and kinda a repeat of my first day.

II. Experience Record
    
hemoglobinometer: A whole blood hemoglobin assay is a device consisting or reagents, calibrators, controls, spectrophotometric instrumentation used to measure the hemoglobin content of whole blood for the detection of anemia. This generic device category does not include automated hemoglobin systems.  
coagulation machine: causes a transformation of a liquid or solid into a soft, semisolid, or solid mass. 

slide stainer- stains slides different colors to see what the different chemicals on there do.

there are no therapeutic procedures int the lab. 

also when i was there, there was no disease/disorders determined from the test. 

at the lab the they called the hemoglobinometer a hemo. analyzer.

III. Experience Journal

I. as soon as i walked in i saw a wall. you could turn either left of right, right was the back of the lab where they do all the test, and the left was the out patient area. i worked with a lab technician and she ran diagnostic test on urine, blood, and tissue samples. as a whole the department they receive samples/orders from the OR and ER to run diagnostic test. i saw a

hemoglobinometer: A whole blood hemoglobin assay is a device consisting or reagents, calibrators, controls, spectrophotometric instrumentation used to measure the hemoglobin content of whole blood for the detection of anemia. This generic device category does not include automated hemoglobin systems.  

coagulation machine: causes a transformation of a liquid or solid into a soft, semisolid, or solid mass. 

slide stainer- stains slides different colors to see what the different chemicals on there do. 

II. i saw a few people working in different areas of the back of the lab running test and observing samples. my employee didn't really interact with a lot of people just because she was busy that day and had a lot of work to get done. the communication skills as a department was pretty well. they get orders from the OR/ER to run test. in the area i noticed that everyone at least had on gloves. they scan and run test on various samples and determine what is wrong with the patient. they have a pathologist and hematologist in the lab. 

III. i learned how important the lab is, i always thought the ER and OR were the most important. but without the lab they would never know whats wrong with the patients! for medical terminology she pretty much just said hemo. analyzer. 

IV. my experience as a whole was fairly good. this experience gave me a new appreciation for the lab and the workers in there. i dont think this will benefit my future very much because its still something I'm not very interested in. i think my personality fits best with the out patient area because i work better with people.  

slide stainer

PT/OT

Learning report

this week worked in the physical and occupational therapy unit, i worked with a few different therapist. i saw many different things like exercises, equipment, and forms of treatment. I learned about the equipment and how its used and i learned some new vocabulary. the best thing that happened to me this week was probably just seeing how the patients and the therapist interacted with each other, they were very chill and relaxed and it was just fun to talk to them. the worst thing that happened to me was probably that on the 2nd day i went back into PT/OT it was a lot of the same patients i saw the first day. this feel was a good week because i saw some pretty cool new equipment and i got to actually talk and ask questions to the therapist. 

Experience record

I:technology 

   1. exercise band

   2. ultrasound

   3. aquaciser

   4. recumbent bike

   5. pelvic traction 

II:Diagnostic procedures

  PT/OT didn't have any diagnostics 

III:Therapeutic procedures

  1. thermotology

  2. exercise band 

  3. calf stretch board

  4. exercise ball

  5. pelvic traction

  6. electric stimulation

  7. hydrotherapy 

IV:Disease/disorders

  1. shoulder buritis- A bursa is a tiny fluid-filled sac that        functions as a gliding surface to reduce friction between tissues of the body. Buritis is inflammation of a bursa. When injury or inflammation           of a bursa around the shoulder joint occurs, shoulder bursitis is present.

  2. A bulging disk extends outside the space it should normally occupy. The bulge typically affects a large portion of the disk, so it may look a little like a hamburger that's too big for its bun. The part of the disk that's bulging is typically the tough outer layer of cartilage. Usually bulging is considered part of the normal aging process of the disk and is common to see on MRIs of people in almost every age group.

V:Medical terminology

  1. thermotherapy- heat therapy 

  2. hydrotherapy- therapy with water 

  3. crotherapy- cold therapy 

  4. electrical stimulation- treatment to waken muscle and never         movement and communication 

  

Experience journal

  I: as soon as i walked in i saw the therapist getting ready for patients. they sanitizes many things like the beds/tables, exercise balls, and more. they sanitized anything patients might come in contact with. I worked with a physical therapist and she worked under the main physical therapist/over looker go PT/OT area. as a whole the department usually works with patients that are recovering from a surgery.Other patients are older and just need help with ADLs (active daily living). the technology i observed there was: an exercise band which is a starchy band given to each patient (patients do not share these), an ultrasound, which is not used what it is commonly used for. in PT/OT ultrasounds are used for deep penetration within the muscles (patient doesn't feel it, an aquaciser which is pretty much in underwater treadmill. it is used for patients who need exercise that doesn't cause any strain or discomfit upon the body. In the water, because there is boyency, there is not much pressure put onto joints. the hot water tempurature  also loosens the muscles.recumbent bike which build patients endurance, also pelvic traction machine which in my patient's case, helped to open vertebrae slightly and relives pain. 

II: I observed and heard many different things between treatment option and what the patient ate for lunch that day. the atmosphere in the room was very chill and not up tight. my employee works well with others. doesn't interact with other PT's just because they are usually so busy with theirs. but the therapist's have good communication between eachothehr ti know what do do. the safety procedures in area include a vase information on patients history or current condition.  exercise band. thermotology was used in the area when patient needed hot packs on his neck, calf stretch board is a price of equipment allows exercise and a large range of motion. pelvic traction does what i just said. an aquaciser which is pretty much in underwater treadmill. it is used for patients who need exercise that doesn't cause any strain or discomfit upon the body. In the water, because there is boyency, there is not much pressure put onto joints. the hot water tempurature  also loosens the muscles.recumbent bike which build patients endurance, also pelvic traction machine which in my patient's case, helped to open vertebrae slightly and relives pain. 

III: i didn't have the much knowledge to begin with when i went in there, but now what i left i have learned many new things which I'm sure will help me in the long run! some skills i learned was communication skills between patient and health care professional. i learned that i need to be more relaxed with patient. talking to them and being friendly contributes the patients happiness. 

IV: my evaluation of this whole experience was pretty positive! i enjoyed myself a lot more than i thought i would and i came to really enjoy the people who work/are treated there. this will benefit my future bc I'm thinking about going into sports medicine and i am interested in sports medicine therapy. i lean red a lot of real world information that i probably wouldn't of leaned on my own or just in a regular class. i think my personality fits best with the sports medic therapist bc i know a lot about sports and its an easy  topic i can relate to which will make the patient more comfortable. 

   

recumbent bike

exercise band

aquaciser

recumbent bike

aquaciser